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.gitignore

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 /public
 /resources
+/.compress_state

build.sh

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 #!/usr/bin/env bash
 
-rm -rf public
+set -euo pipefail
-hugo  build --minify
+
+hugo build --minify
+incremental-compress \
+  -dir public \
+  -statedir .compress_state \
+  -types html,css,js,json,xml,ico,svg,md,otf,woff,ttf,woff2,webmanifest \
+  -zstd=false \
+  -verbose
+rsync \
+  --perms \
+  --times \
+  --update \
+  --partial \
+  --progress \
+  --recursive \
+  --checksum \
+  --compress \
+  --links \
+  --delete-after \
+  --owner \
+  --usermap "*:bcarlin_net" \
+  --group \
+  --groupmap "*:bcarlin_net" \
+  public/ root@192.168.1.25:/home/bcarlin_net/www

content/blog/007-prepare-for-the-next-internet-outage.md

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+---
+title: 'Prepare for the Next Internet Outage'
+slug: 'prepare-for-the-next-internet-outage'
+date: '2025-06-14T04:05:48+02:00'
+tags: [architecture, cloud]
+summary: >
+  A reflection on recent internet outages and my takeways to build more
+  resilient web services.
+---
+
+Last Thursday, [the Internet broke](https://mashable.com/article/google-down-cloudflare-twitch-character-ai-internet-outage).
+Again. Yes, the media turned a two-hour outage into a baitclick-friendly global
+crisis.
+
+What made this incident significant was not just the disruption of Google Cloud
+but the hundreds of websites and applications that went down at the same time.
+This included including some major ones like Cloudflare, who uses GCP for some
+of its services. Cloudflare being a widespread CDN, cache and proxy, it created
+a domino effect and broke, in turn, countless websites.
+
+It reminds us of the fragile interconnectedness of our digital world. I don’t
+want to point fingers, but rather learn lessons from this incident. This wasn't
+just a random hiccup; it highlighted fundamental principles that, in the age of
+"everything as a service," we might have inadvertently overlooked.
+
+Here are my key takeaways.
+
+## Do Not Put All Your Eggs in the Same Vendor Basket
+
+The cloud means infinite scaling, infinite storage, infinite compute power,
+infinite flexibility. It is built on the promise of reducing costs (which can be
+true when used correctly). However, this hides an overlooked truth and its
+biggest risk: single vendor dependency. The recent outage showed how a single
+vendor outage, or even a component within their infrastructure, can have a
+cascading effect on most services. 
+
+Now, let’s add to the mix that
+[AWS, Azure and Google Cloud Platform have a combined market share of 63% in value](https://www.crn.com/news/cloud/2025/cloud-market-share-q1-2025-aws-dips-microsoft-and-google-show-growth?page=1&itc=refresh).
+Even if your business do not use these infrastructure providers directly,
+chances are that you use vendors who relies on them, or on vendors who might
+rely on them. Yes, chances are that your SaaS application is dependent on at
+least one of these vendors.  
+
+**What you can do**:
+
+* *Map Your Dependencies*: Do you truly know all the services your core product
+  relies on, directly and indirectly? Which IaaS, PaaS, APIs, CDN, and so on are
+  you using? What are they, in turn, using? Do you rely on NpmJS to build your
+  product? Is your app deployed with a Github Action ? The more you know, the
+  more you’re prepared.
+* *Vendor Due Diligence*: Uptime guarantees (3? 4? 5 nines?) are just marketing.
+  Take it as such. What is your vendor’s architecture? its Continuity plan? Its
+  transparency on incidents? those are far more important criteria.
+* *Consider Multi-Cloud Strategies*: You would not put all your servers in the
+  same datacenter? Then do not put all your infrastructure in the same IaaS
+  provider! (If you would, you should do something about it!)
+
+## Own Your Data, Own Your Business
+
+The cloud and API world we live in is great. It allows us to build fast, iterate
+quickly, test things and improve our solutions. You need authentication, use
+Subabase or Auth0. Online payment? There is Stripe or Paypal. Transactional
+emails? Sendgrid and MailChimp. Search? Algolia. The list can be long, but now,
+you can work on creating value.
+
+Yet, as the outage showed, if these services become unavailable, your users
+might be locked out, or your application might cease to function, regardless of
+your own infrastructure's health. This can lead to a significant loss of control
+over core business operations and data access. Third-Party services ARE single
+point of failures!
+
+**What you can do**:
+
+* *Fallback Mechanisms for Core Services*: If a service becomes unavailable, how
+  do you replace it? Can you develop an alternative to fall back on?
+* *Robust Data Mirroring*: Ensure you have regular, accessible backups of your
+  critical data, even if it primarily resides with a third-party. Can you
+  restore it quickly to a different environment if needed?
+
+## Build for Resilience
+
+Resilience has always been a consequence of redundancy. You should always have a
+backup system that can assure the service while your main system is down.
+
+But this is not enough to just have redundancy. Your application should also be
+designed to be fault tolerant and use whole or parts of the backup system when
+needed. At least, it should ensure that the impact for your users is the least
+possible: the impossibility to send an email should never block your whole
+application.
+
+**What you can do**:
+
+* *Distributed Architectures*: Design your systems with principles like
+  microservices. Deploy your services on several IaaS providers. Replicate
+  critical data across several providers. The goal is to limit the impact of any
+  single component failure.
+* *Self-Healing Systems*: Implement mechanisms that can automatically detect
+  failures, reroute traffic, or restart services without human intervention. The
+  quicker your system can react, the less impact an outage will have.
+* *Design for failure*: Don't wait for an external event to expose your
+  weaknesses. It is too late. Add some automated failure tests to your CI
+  pipeline: what if the client has a 5 second latency with your server? What if
+  the database is unavailable? What if a payment cannot be processed right away?
+  What is the user *experience* like when something goes wrong? Those issues
+  WILL happen.
+
+## Conclusion
+
+The next outage will come. That’s for sure. Maybe not as big, but there will be
+some that will affect your business.
+
+Be prepared:
+
+* Know your infrastructure, your vendors, their vendors, etc.
+* Asses risks on a regular basis. Your app evolves, your vendors too. What is
+  true at one moment is not at the next.
+* Plan for the worst case. Incidents will happen. Your job is to make it so that
+  the user experience is not impacted.